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31.
为了寻找砂土中微生物诱导碳酸钙结晶(MICP)过程的无损检测方法,采用3种粒径的砂子和两种浓度的胶结溶液进行了砂土的胶结试验,检测了砂土流出液的流量、p H值、尿素浓度和Ca2+浓度等化学指标变化情况,并对碳酸钙晶体的生成数量和分布进行了分析。试验结果显示:砂土流出液的流量和Ca2+浓度能够预测MICP过程中碳酸钙晶体的生成数量,p H值和尿素浓度能够预测MICP过程中尿素的水解程度;砂土中碳酸钙晶体的生成数量与注入的Ca2+总量呈现线性增长的关系,其线性系数可以通过砂土的粒径和胶结溶液的浓度表示,胶结后砂柱的碳酸钙分布并不均匀,小粒径的砂柱上部碳酸钙含量较高,而大粒径的砂柱下部碳酸钙含量较高。 相似文献
32.
33.
Clement Appiah Christine Arndt Katharina Siemsen Anne Heitmann Anne Staubitz Christine Selhuber‐Unkel 《Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)》2019,31(36)
Living beings have an unsurpassed range of ways to manipulate objects and interact with them. They can make autonomous decisions and can heal themselves. So far, a conventional robot cannot mimic this complexity even remotely. Classical robots are often used to help with lifting and gripping and thus to alleviate the effects of menial tasks. Sensors can render robots responsive, and artificial intelligence aims at enabling autonomous responses. Inanimate soft robots are a step in this direction, but it will only be in combination with living systems that full complexity will be achievable. The field of biohybrid soft robotics provides entirely new concepts to address current challenges, for example the ability to self‐heal, enable a soft touch, or to show situational versatility. Therefore, “living materials” are at the heart of this review. Similarly to biological taxonomy, there is a recent effort for taxonomy of biohybrid soft robotics. Here, an expansion is proposed to take into account not only function and origin of biohybrid soft robotic components, but also the materials. This materials taxonomy key demonstrates visually that materials science will drive the development of the field of soft biohybrid robotics. 相似文献
34.
Matti Schneider 《International journal for numerical methods in engineering》2019,118(8):482-494
Building upon the equivalence of the basic scheme in the work of Moulinec and Suquet with gradient descent methods, we investigate the effect of using the celebrated Barzilai-Borwein step size selection technique in this context. We provide an overview of recent convergence theory and present efficient implementations in the context of computational micromechanics, with and without globalization. In contrast to polarization schemes and fast gradient methods, no lower bound on the eigenvalues of the material tangent is necessary for the Barzilai-Borwein scheme. We demonstrate the power of the proposed method for linear elastic and inelastic large scale problems with finite and infinite material contrast. 相似文献
35.
Zehu Xie Na Peng Tingting Liu Xing Cheng Wuquan Ye Runtian Zheng Jundong Zhang Haoxiang Yu Jie Shu 《Ceramics International》2019,45(9):11812-11818
Here, LiY(WO4)2 nanotubes are prepared via a feasible electrospinning technique. This new anode material shows excellent electrochemical properties. The capacity loss of LiY(WO4)2 nanotubes is as low as 6.9% after 156 cycles, while bulk LiY(WO4)2 presents the capacity loss higher than 55.0%. Even after 600 long-life cycles, the capacity loss of the nanotubes is only 9%. It can be seen that the hollow structure with a rough surface and a porous morphology contributes to the improvement of electrochemical performance. Furthermore, online X-ray diffraction (XRD) method is firstly applied to understand the lithium ions insertion/extraction mechanism of LiY(WO4)2 nanotubes. It can be concluded that it is an asymmetrical two-phase reaction. A phase transformation from LiY(WO4)2 to Li3Y(WO4)2 can be obviously seen from the in situ XRD during discharge process. While Li2Y(WO4)2 appears as an intermediate phase with a reverse charge reaction. In addition, in situ XRD also demonstrates that LiY(WO4)2 nanotubes have surprised electrochemical reversibility. All the above results indicate that LiY(WO4)2 nanotubes can be expected to be anode candidate for rechargeable lithium ion batteries (LIBs). 相似文献
36.
The n-type thermoelectric Bi1.9Lu0.1Te3 was prepared by microwave-solvothermal method and spark plasma sintering. The magnetic field and temperature dependences of transverse magnetoresistance measured within temperature 2–200 K interval allow finding the peculiarities characteristic for strongly disordered and inhomogeneous semiconductors. The first peculiarity is due to appearance of linear-in-magnetic field contribution to the total magnetoresistance reflected in a crossover from quadratic magnetoresistance at low magnetic fields to linear magnetoresistance at high magnetic fields. The linear magnetoresistance can result from the Hall resistance picked up from macroscopically distorted current paths due to local variations in stoichiometry of the compound studied. The second peculiarity is that both linear magnetoresistance magnitude and crossover field are functions of carrier mobility which is in agreement with the Parish and Littlewood model developed for disordered and inhomogeneous semiconductors. An increase in the mobility due to a decrease in temperature is accompanied by an increase in the magnetoresistance magnitude and a decrease in the crossover field. Finally, the third peculiarity is related to the remarkable deviation of the total magnetoresistance measured at various temperatures from the Kohler's rule. Presence of strong inhomogeneity and disorder in the Bi1.9Lu0.1Te3 structure concluded from the magnetoresistance peculiarities can be responsible for the remarkable reduction in the total thermal conductivity of this compound. 相似文献
37.
《Advanced Powder Technology》2019,30(12):2908-2924
Developing strategies for the production of porous particles with controllable structures using a spray-drying method has attracted attention of researchers for decades. Although many papers have reported their successful production of porous particles using this method, information on how to create and control the porous structures as well as what parameters involving and what formation mechanism occurring during the synthesis process are still not clear. To meet these demands, the present review covers strategies in the spray-drying developments for the fabrication of porous particles with controllable structure. This information is important for optimizing the production of porous particles with desirable properties. Regulation of process conditions and precursor formulations are also explained, including composition, type, and physicochemical properties of droplet and raw components used (i.e., host component, template, and solvent). The electrostatic interactions between the individual components and the droplets are also presented, while this information tends to be neglected in the conventional spray-drying process. To clarify how the porous particles are designed, current experimental results completed with illustrations for the proposal particle formation mechanism are presented. The review also completed with the opportunities and potential roles of the changing porous structures in practical uses. This review would provide information on how to produce porous particles that can be used for advanced functional materials, such as catalysts, adsorbents, and sensors. 相似文献
38.
颗粒物质是大量宏观颗粒的集合,广泛存在于自然界,日常生活和工业生产中.颗粒物质的运动表现出非常复杂的现象,如堵塞(jamming)等.颗粒物质体系的定量研究仍是一个巨大的挑战.本文采用能量最小化方法对颗粒物质进行准静态模拟.对一些典型的非线性优化方法,如共轭梯度法,拟牛顿法等,通过预条件来提高这些方法的效率.这些预条件方法基于颗粒体系的几何结构和能量函数来构建.通过对一些典型的准静态过程,如压缩和剪切试验的数值模拟,观察到对三维颗粒体系,预条件方法可以有40%左右的效率提升. 相似文献
39.
40.
针对PP+TPE汽车密封件设计了大型双料一体旋转注射模,介绍了二次合模的精确定位、可控注射系统、顶出平衡设计。该模具技术能够使两种性能完全不同的材料按照指定区域分布,并且达到塑件尺寸的精度需求,实现同时与钣金、玻璃、塑件等不同材质的零件进行复合配套。本项目实施后,在模具精度、寿命等方面接近或部分达到国外同类产品先进水平,而价格仅为国外产品的40%,性价比优势明显。 相似文献